Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

This report evaluates the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to treat patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The use of EMDR to treat any other disorder, such as major depression, phobias, or other anxiety disorders is outside the scope of this report, as are any other methods of treating PTSD.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that is used to treat the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR aims to 1) facilitate the resolution of memories, 2) desensitize patients to stimuli that trigger present distress, and 3) teach patients adaptive attitudes, skills, and behavior to enhance daily functioning.

EMDR combines aspects of a wide range of theoretical orientations including cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and interpersonal therapies with rhythmic eye movements that are designed to facilitate cognitive changes and a decrease in anxiety. The eye movement component of the therapy involves the patient moving his/her eyes horizontally or vertically back and forth for a period of about 20 to 30 seconds following the therapist's fingers During this time, the patient is asked to think about the negative emotions, memories, or cognitions associated with the trauma. The negative associations are then processed with the intent of replacing them with positive or neutral ones. According to the EMDR treatment manual, patients...