COVID-19 Clinical Guidelines–General Pediatrics
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American College of Rheumatology guidance for the management of children with pediatric rheumatic disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: version 1
Date: 2020 Nov
Developer: American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
Guideline Focus
Management of rheumatic disease during COVID-19 pandemic
Patient Population
Pediatric patients with rheumatic disease during COVID-19 pandemic
Major Interventions
- Risk mitigation and considerations for ophthalmology monitoring and vaccination
- Monitoring for mental health issues
- Guidance on use of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing
- Continuation of treatment for patients without COVID-19 exposure or infection
- Modifications to care for patients without COVID-19 exposure or disease, and for patients with COVID-19 exposure, asymptomatic infection, or symptomatic disease
American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in pediatric COVID-19: version 1
Date: 2020 Nov
Developer: American College of Rheumatology (ACR)
Guideline Focus
Management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) and hyperinflammation associated with COVID-19
Patient Population
Pediatric patients with MIS-C or hyperinflammation associated with COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Tiered diagnostic evaluation, including diagnostic algorithm
- Comparison of features of MIS-C and Kawasaki disease
- Cardiac evaluation, monitoring, and follow-up
- Immunomodulatory treatment options
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy
- Considerations for management of hyperinflammation, including immunomodulatory therapy
COVID-19 - clinical management of children admitted to hospital with suspected COVID-19
Date: 2020 May 29
Developer: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH)
Guideline Focus
Management of children hospitalized with COVID-19
Patient Population
Pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Considerations for providing good patient care for children
- Considerations for children with pre-existing conditions
- Indications for laboratory and imaging studies
- Guidance on treatment options, including bronchodilators, systemic steroids, antibiotics, antivirals, and diuretics
- Continuation of chronic ACE inhibitors and NSAIDS
- Preference for paracetamol over NSAIDS as first-line antipyretic therapy
- Escalation of respiratory support and management of respiratory failure
- Role of clinical trials and infectious disease experts in treatment
COVID-19 rapid guideline: children and young people who are immunocompromised
Date: 2020 May 1
Developer: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
Guideline Focus
Management of immunocompromised pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Patient Population
Pediatric patients who are immunocompromised
Major Interventions
- Communicating with patients and infection prevention
- Modifications to routine care, including appointments, laboratory testing, and medication initiation, continuation, and provision
- Considerations for immunocompromised patients diagnosed with COVID-19, including management of chronic medications
- Infection control and personal protective equipment (PPE) considerations for health care workers
Guidance: paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19
Date: 2020 May 1
Developer: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH)
Guideline Focus
Diagnosis and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome for COVID-19
Patient Population
Pediatric patients with COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Description of symptoms, exclusion of alternate causes, and diagnostic studies
- Use of personal protective equipment (PPE), supportive management, laboratory, and cardiac monitoring
- Role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin treatment
- Management principles and level of care considerations
- Treatment options, including antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy, and the role of specialists
National guidance for the management of children with bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections during COVID-19
Date: 2021 Jan 25
Developer: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH)
Guideline Focus
Management of bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections during COVID-19
Patient Population
Children with bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infections during COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Prevention and management of shortness of breath in primary care settings, including clinical pathways
- Assessment at presentation to emergency department (ED), including testing and initiation of aerosol generating procedures
- Management at admission and discharge based on respiratory virus testing
- Considerations for patients being transferred to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)
- Policies for parents and carers of hospitalized patients, including escalation in response to rate increases
Nursing guidance for the care of the child with suspected or proven COVID-19 infection. Version 1.0
Date: 2020 Mar 29
Developer: European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC)
Guideline Focus
Nursing care for children with COVID-19
Patient Population
Children with COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Guidance on use of personal protective equipment (PPE), especially during aerosol-generating events
- Modifications to airway and suctioning techniques
- General nursing care, including ventilator care and feeding
- Maintaining child- and family-centered care
Pediatric endoscopy in the era of coronavirus disease 2019: a North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition position paper
Date: 2020 Jun
Developer: North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN)
Guideline Focus
Pediatric endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Patient Population
Pediatric patients requiring endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic
Major Interventions
- Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and procedure setting
- Risk assessment for triaging procedure necessity
- Intraprocedure precautions, and postprocedure cleaning and infection prevention measures
- Personnel and trainee considerations
Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic: French National Authority for Health recommendations
Date: 2020 Sep
Developer: French National Authority for Health (HAS)
Guideline Focus
Post-natal follow-up for women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Patient Population
Post-partum women and neonates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Major Interventions
- Vertical transmission, breastfeeding considerations, and precautions with maternal COVID-19
- Timing of discharge and first outpatient newborn visit
- Modifications to follow-up visits, including remote consultation and maintenance of psychological support
- Monitoring and follow-up for jaundice
Practice recommendations for the management of children with suspected or proven COVID-19 infections from the Paediatric Mechanical Ventilation Consensus Conference (PEMVECC) and the section Respiratory Failure from the European Society for Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC): a consensus statement
Date: 2020
Developer: European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC)
Guideline Focus
Management and treatment of respiratory illness in patients with COVID-19
Patient Population
Children with COVID-19 requiring respiratory support
Major Interventions
- Modes of respiratory support for patients at-risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Management of invasively ventilated patients
- Escalating therapies for refractory hypoxemia
- Guidance on use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection control measures
Rapid advice guidelines for management of children with COVID-19
Date: 2020 May 8
Developer: National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (NCRCCHD)
Guideline Focus
Management of COVID-19
Patient Population
Children with COVID-19
Major Interventions
- Symptom identification and quarantine following exposure
- Guidance on use of computed tomography (CT) for diagnosis
- Guidance on pharmacological treatment options (e.g., antivirals, antibiotics, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin IVIG)
- Supportive care for children with severe COVID-19
- Information for parents and continuation of breastfeeding